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Cloud Journal

Cloud Journal

Practical, provider-accurate writing on cloud infrastructure, developer workflows, security fundamentals and the decisions behind choosing a cloud.

Layered stack diagram showing which layers the customer and the provider manage under IaaS, PaaS and SaaS
Cloud Fundamentals

IaaS vs PaaS vs SaaS: Where Each Cloud Provider Fits

The three cloud service models are defined by how much of the stack you control. This article uses the NIST…

5 min read
Diagram showing cloud regions, the availability zones inside them and separate edge cache locations
Cloud Fundamentals

Cloud Regions and Availability Zones: How to Pick a Location

Regions, availability zones and edge locations are three different things, and mixing them up leads to fragile deployments. This guide…

6 min read
Illustration of a cloud billing invoice with promotional credit applied against eligible line items
Cloud Fundamentals

Understanding Cloud Credits: How Promotional Balances Actually Work

Cloud credit reduces an invoice; it does not stop a meter. This guide explains where AWS, Azure, Google Cloud and…

6 min read
Illustration of a cloud account dashboard showing vCPU quota usage against regional ceilings
Cloud Fundamentals

vCPU Limits and Service Quotas: Why Cloud Accounts Have Ceilings

Every cloud account launches with ceilings on vCPUs, API calls and resource counts. This guide explains why they exist, how…

6 min read
Diagram of an Alibaba Cloud ECS instance inside a VPC with a vSwitch, security group and attached cloud disks
Provider Guides

Alibaba Cloud ECS Basics for International Developers

Alibaba Cloud ECS is familiar in shape but has its own naming, its own bandwidth billing choices and two separate…

7 min read
Comparison illustration of a cloud free trial account and a pay-as-you-go account billing timeline
Cloud Fundamentals

Free Trial vs Pay-As-You-Go: Understanding Cloud Billing Tiers

A cloud signup places your account into one of two billing modes, and the restrictions are invisible until something fails.…

6 min read
Tree diagram of an AWS Organization with a management account at the root and organizational units branching into member accounts
Provider Guides

AWS Account Structure: Organizations, OUs and Multi-Account Design

A single AWS account is the platform's hardest boundary, which is why serious estates use many of them. This guide…

7 min read
Diagram of a DigitalOcean Droplet with attached volume, VPC interface and cloud firewall rules
Provider Guides

DigitalOcean Droplets Explained: Plans, Images and Limits

A Droplet is compute and nothing else, which makes DigitalOcean easy to learn and easy to misjudge. This guide covers…

6 min read
Chart comparing on-demand, reserved and spot cloud pricing models for the same virtual machine
Cloud Fundamentals

On-Demand, Reserved and Spot: Cloud Pricing Models Explained

The same virtual machine can be bought four different ways, and the contract around it decides the invoice. This guide…

6 min read
Layered diagram showing an Azure tenant containing management groups, subscriptions, resource groups and resources
Provider Guides

Azure Subscriptions, Resource Groups and Management Groups

Azure sorts every resource into a four-level hierarchy, and most early confusion comes from mixing up the levels. This guide…

7 min read
Diagram of a Hetzner Cloud project containing servers, a private network, volumes and firewall rules
Provider Guides

Hetzner Cloud Servers and Projects: Getting Oriented

Hetzner sells two different products under one brand, and its cloud platform puts projects at the centre of everything. This…

6 min read